The United States has reported its first severe human case of bird flu, with a Louisiana resident hospitalized in critical condition after suspected contact with an infected backyard flock. In response to the spread of the H5N1 virus, California has declared a state of emergency.
Key Highlights:
Severe Human Case:
The Louisiana patient is experiencing severe respiratory illness and has underlying medical conditions, raising their risk profile. This case marks the first severe illness linked to non-commercial poultry in the U.S.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed a total of 61 human cases nationwide since April, primarily among dairy farm workers.
California Emergency Declaration:
California, the most populous state, has declared an emergency as the H5N1 virus spreads in dairy herds, impacting 649 herds—about 60% of the state’s total—since late August.
The emergency declaration allows for expedited responses, including staffing and contracting flexibility.
Outbreak Details:
The H5N1 virus has infected more than 860 dairy herds across 16 states since March and has resulted in the death of 123 million poultry since the outbreak began in 2022.
The CDC noted that the severe case in Louisiana is linked to a wild bird strain of the virus, differing from the strain affecting dairy cattle.
Health Risks and Responses:
While the CDC states that bird flu remains a low risk to the general public, health officials are monitoring the situation closely.
The recent surge in infections among farm workers and dairy cattle highlights the need for effective testing and containment measures, which some farmers have resisted.
Genetic Analysis:
Partial viral genome data from the infected Louisiana patient indicates the presence of the D1.1 genotype, which has been detected in wild birds and recent human cases in Canada and Washington state.