Argentina’s corn farmers are facing a dangerous new enemy due to the effects of global warming – a small yellow insect just 4 millimeters long known as the leafhopper. The world’s third-largest corn exporter has been forced to slash millions of tons from its harvest projections for the current crop due to a rare plague of this insect.
The leafhopper thrives in hotter temperatures and can carry a stunt disease that damages corn cobs and kernels. Farmers fear such infestations could become more regular, as fewer frosts in recent years have allowed the insects to spread beyond their traditional northern regions, where farmers have adapted. Forecasts for a warm winter ahead are also raising concerns.
Some farmers are already planning to sow less corn and shift to other crops like soy, which is not affected by the leafhopper. Climate change specialist Matilde Rusticucci at the University of Buenos Aires said the number of frost days has been declining due to rising global and local temperatures.
Agriculture experts estimate that around 10 million tons of Argentine corn production has been lost already, and the situation could worsen. Cristian Russo, head of agricultural estimates at the Rosario grains exchange, said leafhopper numbers in northern Argentina are 10 times the normal level, while the insect has been found nearly 932 miles south of traditional areas, where it was previously too cold.
The Argentine government has looked to speed up authorization for pesticides to fight the leafhoppers and has met with farm associations to coordinate mitigation efforts. However, the long-term solution likely lies in adapting to the changing climate, whether through crop diversification, new pest-resistant varieties, or other innovative approaches.